Class 11th Biology

Class 11 Biology – Chapter-wise Summary

Based on the latest CBSE syllabus for 2025–26, as structured across five main units: Diversity in Living Organisms; Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals; Cell: Structure and Function; Plant Physiology; and Human Physiology.

Unit I: Diversity in the Living World

1. The Living World

   Discover what makes something “alive.” Learn about biodiversity, taxonomic systems, the basics of taxonomy, binomial nomenclature, and the importance of classifying life.

2. Biological Classification

   Explore the five-kingdom system and learn about Monera, Protista, Fungi, Lichens, Viruses, and Viroids—understanding how each group fits into the larger web of life.

3. Plant Kingdom

   Understand how major plant groups—like algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms—are classified, and what distinguishes them.

4. Animal Kingdom

   Explore the classification of animals from non-chordates to chordates. Learn how scientists categorize living creatures based on shared features.

Unit II: Structural Organisation in Plants & Animals

1. Morphology of Flowering Plants

   Dive into the structure of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, with a special case study of the Solanaceae plant family.

2. Anatomy of Flowering Plants

   Discover the internal tissue systems and anatomy in monocot and dicot plants, and learn about their functions.

3. Structural Organisation in Animals

   Examine the anatomy and functioning of frog organ systems — digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive.

Unit III: Cell—Structure & Function

1. Cell: The Unit of Life

   Unpack cell theory while comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Learn to identify cell organelles and understand their roles.

2. Biomolecules

   Understand the essential molecules of life—proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids—and how enzymes function as catalysts.

3. Cell Cycle & Cell Division

   Study the stages of the cell cycle and the processes of mitosis and meiosis, along with their biological significance.

Unit IV: Plant Physiology

1. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

   Discover how plants capture light, produce energy, and how concepts like photophosphorylation and C3/C4 pathways operate.

2. Respiration in Plants

   Follow the path of respiration—glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain—learning how plants generate energy.

3. Plant Growth & Development

   Track how plants grow from germination through maturation. Learn about growth hormones and their roles in developmental processes.

Unit V: Human Physiology

1. Breathing & Exchange of Gases

   Understand how humans breathe, how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged, and respiratory volumes and disorders.

2. Body Fluids & Circulation

   Dive into blood composition, cardiac cycles, heart functioning, ECG, double circulation, and common heart-related disorders.

3. Excretory Products & Their Elimination

   Learn how the human body disposes of waste through kidneys—mechanisms of filtration, excretion, and crucial disorders like kidney failure.

4. Locomotion & Movement

   Understand how muscles and skeletons work, explore disorders like arthritis or osteoporosis, and tiny molecule mechanics behind muscle contraction.

5. Neural Control & Coordination

   Study how neurons transmit signals and how the human nervous system—central and peripheral—maintains control and regulation.

6. Chemical Coordination & Integration

   Learn how hormones regulate our bodies—endocrine glands, hormone action, and common disorders like diabetes or thyroid issues.

Revision Series offers free quizzes, MCQs, and notes for Class 11 Biology, helping students master every chapter with ease. The syllabus begins with The Living World Chapter and Biological Classification Notes, followed by detailed practice in Plant Kingdom Quiz and Animal Kingdom MCQs. Core topics like Cell Structure Class 11 and Biomolecules Class 11 are explained with clarity to strengthen conceptual understanding. For plant physiology, students can revise Photosynthesis in Higher Plants along with related quizzes. The section on Human Physiology Class 11 provides interactive questions and detailed solutions for exam preparation. With accessible study materials and Class 11 Biology Notes, Revision Series makes Biology learning engaging, simple, and effective for CBSE students aiming to excel in exams.