Class 11th Geography
CONTENTS
Class 11 Geography – Chapter-wise Summary
Based on CBSE’s "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" & "India: Physical Environment" textbooks, plus map work and practical components.
Part A – Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Geography as a Discipline
Understand what geography is, its scope, the different branches (physical, human, environmental), and how it helps make sense of the world around us.
Get introduced to theories explaining how the Earth and the universe began, and how Earth’s layers (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere) developed over time.
Interior of the Earth
Explore Earth’s structure from crust to core, the causes and nature of earthquakes, and volcanic activity—complete with definitions, processes, and effects.
Distribution of Oceans and Continents
Learn how continents and oceans are positioned on the globe, guided by plate tectonics, continental drift, and Wegener’s theory.
Dive into weathering, erosion, and deposition to understand how landforms are shaped by forces like wind, water, and glaciers.
Landforms and Their Evolution
Discover how landscapes evolve over time—mountains eroding into valleys, rivers carving channels, and other large-scale transformations.
Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
Understand what the atmosphere is made of, its different layers, and their climate-related roles.
Explore how the sun’s energy interacts with Earth—learning about insolation, heat budget, and temperature variations globally.
Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Systems
Learn how wind and pressure belts are formed, air masses and fronts, and how these create diverse weather systems across the globe.
Water in the Atmosphere
Examine the water cycle, and related phenomena such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and forms like dew, fog, frost, and clouds.
World Climate & Climate Change
Explore global climate patterns, environmental change, and their consequences—often tested via projects and presentations.
Water (Oceans)
Learn about ocean distribution, basic oceanography, and the role oceans play in the Earth’s systems.
Dive into waves, tides, and ocean currents—what drives them and how they influence climate and navigation.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Learn about biodiversity types, its significance, ecological hotspots, and conservation efforts—great for internal assessments like projects.
Part B – India: Physical Environment
India — Location
Understand India's geographical position, latitude-longitude range, important parallels, and time zone dynamics.
Explore India's varied physical divisions—the Himalayas, Indo-Gangetic plains, peninsular plateau, coasts, deserts, and island systems.
Drainage System
Study India’s rivers and drainage patterns—Himalayan and peninsular rivers, river regimes, and factors affecting water flow.
Climate
Learn about India’s climate, monsoon rhythm, regional seasons, and variability in rainfall and temperature.
Natural Vegetation
Identify major forest types—tropical, deciduous, thorn, swamps—and locate national parks, wildlife reserves, and sanctuaries.
Natural Hazards and Disasters
Understand common natural hazards in India—like earthquakes, floods, cyclones—and how they’re managed (projects/presentations).
Geography Practical & Map Work
Map Skills, Projections & Remote Sensing
Practice map-based skills like scale, latitude-longitude, projections, topographic maps, and basic remote sensing tools.
Map Identifications
Label physical features: continental outlines, ocean currents, river basins, mountain ranges, and Indian plains on global and Indian maps.